Parkinson's risk may rise with restless legs syndrome; what it is (early signs, risk factors, and management)

Characterized by the degeneration of nerve cells in the brain, specifically those producing dopamine, a neurotransmitter crucial for coordinating movement, Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder that primarily affects movement. The degeneration of nerve cells leads to a range of symptoms, including tremors, stiffness, and slowness of movement. Globally, Parkinson's disease (PD) affects millions. A study published in The BMJ in March 2025 projects that 25.2 million people will be living with Parkinson's by 2050.

While there is no cure, treatments and therapies can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Now, recent research has highlighted a concerning link between Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) and an increased risk of developing Parkinson’s disease (PD).


What does the study day and what is RLS?

A recent study published in JAMA Network Open found that individuals with RLS were more likely to develop PD, suggesting that RLS could be an early indicator of neurodegenerative changes.

RLS (Restless Legs Syndrome), also known as Willis-Ekbom disease, is a neurological disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs, often accompanied by uncomfortable sensations such as itching, crawling, or tingling. These symptoms typically occur during periods of rest or inactivity, especially in the evening or at night, and are temporarily relieved by movement. RLS can significantly disrupt sleep, leading to daytime fatigue and affecting overall quality of life.



Early signs of RLS

But how do you realize that you have restless legs syndrome? The hallmark symptoms of RLS include:

Uncomfortable sensations: Individuals often describe feelings of crawling, itching, or tingling in the legs.

Constant urge to move: A strong, often irresistible urge to move the legs, particularly during rest.

Worsening symptoms in the evening: Symptoms tend to intensify during periods of inactivity, especially in the evening or at night.

Temporary relief with movement: Movement, such as walking or stretching, provides temporary relief from discomfort.

If these symptoms are present and interfere with daily activities or sleep, it is advisable to consult a healthcare provider for evaluation and management. Recognizing these early signs is crucial for timely intervention and management.


Risk factors

Who is at risk of developing RLS? Several factors may increase the likelihood, such as:

Age: RLS can develop at any age but tends to worsen with age.

Gender: Women are more likely than men to experience RLS.

Family history: A family history of RLS increases the risk.


Underlying health conditions: Conditions such as iron deficiency, kidney disease, diabetes, and Parkinson's disease are associated with a higher risk of RLS.

Pregnancy: Pregnancy, particularly during the third trimester, is a well-known risk factor, with 20% to 30% of pregnant women reporting some RLS symptoms.

Medications: Certain medications, including antidepressants and antihistamines, may exacerbate RLS symptoms.

Lifestyle factors: Smoking, alcohol abuse, and caffeine consumption can exacerbate RLS symptoms.

Understanding these risk factors can aid in early detection and management.


Management strategies for RLS

While there is no cure for RLS, several strategies can help manage and alleviate symptoms:

Lifestyle modifications: Regular exercise, maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, and avoiding triggers like caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine can reduce symptoms.

Iron supplements: If iron deficiency is identified, iron supplements may be recommended.

Medications: Dopamine agonists, such as pramipexole or ropinirole, can help manage symptoms by affecting dopamine pathways.

Stress management: Techniques such as deep breathing exercises, meditation, and yoga can help reduce stress, a known trigger for RLS symptoms.

Compression devices: In some cases, pneumatic compression devices may be used to improve blood flow and reduce symptoms.

Finally, consulting a professional healthcare provider is essential to determine the most appropriate treatment plan.